Statistics mistakes: avoiding bias in data collection for Secondary 4

Statistics mistakes: avoiding bias in data collection for Secondary 4

Understanding Biases in Statistics

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Beware the Invisible Skewers: Navigating Biases in Statistics for Your Secondary 4 Math Journey

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Imagine you're at a bustling hawker centre, trying to find the best char kway teow. You ask around, but everyone seems to recommend the same stall. Is it really the best, or are you falling for the bandwagon effect? Welcome to the intriguing world of statistical biases,secondary 4 math students!

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What's the Big Deal About Biases?

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Biases are like those pesky Ah Peks at the market, trying to sell you overripe durians. They trick you into seeing things that aren't quite true. In Singapore's pressure-filled scholastic landscape, year six in primary signifies the final stage of primary education, in which students integrate prior education as prep for the vital PSLE exam, dealing with more challenging concepts like sophisticated fractional operations, geometry proofs, speed and rate problems, and thorough review techniques. Guardians commonly see the escalation in difficulty could result in stress or gaps in understanding, notably regarding maths, prompting the demand for expert guidance to polish abilities and assessment methods. During this key period, where all scores are crucial in securing secondary spots, additional courses are vital for focused strengthening and enhancing assurance. h2 math online tuition delivers rigorous , PSLE-focused sessions matching the latest MOE syllabus, featuring simulated examinations, error correction workshops, and adaptive teaching methods for tackling individual needs. Proficient instructors stress efficient timing and higher-order thinking, assisting learners handle even the toughest questions smoothly. Overall, this specialized support also elevates results in the upcoming national exam and additionally imparts focus and a passion for mathematics that extends through secondary schooling plus more.. In statistics, these biases can lead to wrong decisions, like choosing the wrong chiong stall for your lorong!

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Common Biases in Your Secondary 4 Math Syllabus, Singapore

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  • Selection Bias: This is like picking only the prettiest angpow packets for your angpow collection. You're ignoring the rest, so your collection isn't truly representative. In math, this means not considering all possible data when collecting information.
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  • Confirmation Bias: You're convinced that chili crab is the best Singaporean dish. So, you only look for evidence that supports this and ignore anything that says otherwise. In math, this means only looking for data that agrees with your hypothesis.
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  • Survivorship Bias: This is like only focusing on the uncles who won the 4D lottery and ignoring those who didn't. You're only seeing the successes and not the failures, which gives a skewed view. In math, this means only considering successful cases and ignoring failures.
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Fun Fact: The Monty Hall Problem

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Remember the Monty Hall problem from The Sunday Times? It's like a game show where you pick one of three doors. Behind one is a car, behind the others are goats. The host, who knows what's behind each door, opens another door to reveal a goat. Should you switch your choice to the other unopened door? The answer might surprise you and teaches us about another bias - the gambler's fallacy!

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How to Avoid These Biases in Your Secondary 4 Math Syllabus, Singapore

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  • Be a kaypoh: Ask questions, be curious, and dig deeper. Don't just accept things at face value.
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  • Consider all data: Don't be like the kena guy who only looks at one side of the coin. Consider all possible data and scenarios.
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  • Be open to new ideas: Don't be the kiasu parent who only wants to hear good news. Be open to evidence that might challenge your beliefs.
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History: The Birth of Statistics

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Did you know that statistics was born out of a bet? In the 18th century, Sir Ronald Fisher wanted to settle a debate about whether the blue or the red roe deer was more common in a certain area. He used statistics to prove that the blue roe deer was indeed more common, and thus, statistics was born. In Singapore's demanding secondary-level learning landscape, the shift from primary to secondary introduces learners to more complex math ideas including basic algebra, whole numbers, plus geometry basics, which may seem overwhelming lacking sufficient groundwork. A lot of guardians focus on additional education to fill learning discrepancies and foster a passion for the subject early on. 1 to 1 maths tuition delivers specific , Ministry of Education-compliant lessons with experienced educators that highlight resolution methods, individualized input, and engaging activities to build core competencies. Such courses commonly feature small class sizes for better interaction and regular assessments to track progress. Ultimately, investing into such initial assistance also improves scholastic results and additionally arms early teens with upper secondary demands and long-term success within STEM disciplines.. Statistics pitfalls: misinterpreting data in Singapore contexts . In the city-state of Singapore's high-stakes secondary-level learning structure, learners preparing for O-Level exams often confront escalated hurdles in mathematics, including sophisticated subjects such as trigonometry, fundamental calculus, and coordinate geometry, these demand robust understanding of ideas and real-world implementation. Parents regularly look for targeted help to ensure their teenagers can cope with the syllabus demands while developing test assurance with specific drills and approaches. math tuition offers essential bolstering with MOE-aligned curricula, seasoned tutors, plus materials such as past papers and practice assessments to tackle unique challenges. Such initiatives highlight problem-solving techniques efficient timing, aiding learners secure better grades for O-Level results. Finally, putting resources in such tuition not only readies learners ahead of national tests but also lays a solid foundation in higher learning within STEM disciplines.. Talk about turning the toss into a toss-up!

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So, secondary 4 math students and parents, remember, biases are like the mrt during peak hours - crowded and full of surprises. But with the right awareness and knowledge, you can navigate through them and reach your destination - understanding statistics!

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Understanding Sample Selection Bias

Ensure samples are representative of the population. Avoid convenience or haphazard sampling, which can lead to biased results.

Data Collection Method Bias

Choose appropriate data collection methods (e.g., surveys, experiments) based on the research question and population. Consider method-specific biases.

Bias from Leading Questions

Craft questions neutrally, avoiding phrasing that may influence responses. Test questions to ensure they are interpreted as intended.

Sampling Methods

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Sampling Methods: A Bias-Free Journey into Data Collection

Why Understanding Sampling Matters for Secondary 4 Students

Imagine you're a detective, Ah Boys to Men-style, trying to solve a case. You can't interrogate every single suspect in Singapore, right? So, you pick a few to question. That's essentially what sampling is in the world of statistics. And guess what? In Singaporean structured post-primary schooling pathway, Sec 2 students begin handling increasingly complex maths subjects including quadratic equations, shape congruence, plus data statistics, which expand upon Secondary 1 basics and equip for upper secondary demands. Families frequently search for additional support to assist their teens adjust to the growing intricacy while sustaining consistent progress under academic stresses. Singapore maths tuition guide offers personalized , Ministry of Education-aligned lessons featuring experienced tutors who apply dynamic aids, real-life examples, plus targeted exercises to strengthen grasp plus test strategies. These sessions foster independent problem-solving and address unique difficulties such as algebra adjustments. In the end, these specialized programs improves comprehensive outcomes, reduces stress, while establishing a strong trajectory toward O-Level excellence and future academic pursuits.. It's part of the secondary 4 math syllabus Singapore, courtesy of our friends at the Ministry of Education.

Fun Fact: Did you know that the term 'sample' was first used in statistics in the 1890s? In Singaporean secondary-level learning scene, the transition between primary and secondary phases introduces pupils to higher-level abstract mathematical concepts like basic algebra, spatial geometry, and statistics and data, which can be daunting lacking suitable direction. Many guardians acknowledge that this transitional phase demands supplementary reinforcement to help young teens adjust to the increased rigor while sustaining strong academic performance within a merit-based framework. Building on the foundations laid during pre-PSLE studies, specialized courses become crucial for addressing unique hurdles while promoting independent thinking. JC 2 math tuition delivers personalized sessions matching Singapore MOE guidelines, integrating engaging resources, step-by-step solutions, and practice challenges to render education engaging and effective. Experienced teachers focus on filling educational discrepancies from earlier primary stages and incorporating secondary-specific strategies. Finally, this proactive help also boosts scores and exam readiness but also develops a deeper interest in math, preparing students toward O-Level excellence plus more.. It's as old as the Singaporean Hainanese chicken rice!

Sampling Methods: The Who's Who of Data Collection

There are different ways to pick your suspects, er, samples. Let's meet a few:

  • Simple Random Sampling: Think of it like drawing lots. Every individual has an equal chance of being selected. It's fair, but it might not always give you the most representative group.
  • Stratified Sampling: This is like separating your suspects into groups based on their... I mean, relevant characteristics. Then, you pick from each group. It's more representative, but can be a bit more complex.
  • Cluster Sampling: Here, you pick a few 'clusters' - think of them as mini gangs - and then select individuals from within those clusters. It's convenient, but might not give you the most precise results.

Bias: The Unwelcome Guest in Data Collection

Now, imagine you're only picking suspects from one neighbourhood. That's bias, my friend. It happens when our sampling methods aren't fair or representative. Here's how to spot it:

  • Selection Bias: When your sampling method favours certain individuals, like only picking suspects who speak English.
  • Non-response Bias: When some individuals refuse to participate, like suspects who clam up when you try to question them.
  • Observation Bias: When the person collecting data influences the results, like a detective who's convinced a certain suspect is guilty.

Statistics and Probability: Your Trusty Sidekicks

To fight bias, you need a solid understanding of statistics and probability. They're like your trusty sidekicks, helping you make sense of the data you collect. And guess what? They're part of the secondary 4 math syllabus Singapore too!

Interesting Fact: Did you know that the first known use of the term 'statistics' was in 1785? That's older than the Singapore Botanical Gardens!

What if... We Could Predict the Future?

Imagine if you could use your sampling skills to predict the next big trend in Singapore. Would you invest in more hawker centres, or expect a boom in durian ice cream? The possibilities are endless, and that's the beauty of statistics.

So, secondary 4 students, are you ready to put on your detective hats and dive into the world of sampling methods? The future is waiting, and it's up to you to make sense of it all. Now, go forth and collect some data!

Avoiding Selection Bias

Understanding Bias

Bias in data collection is like a hidden virus in your data sample, skewing results and leading to incorrect conclusions. In Singapore's dynamic and scholastically intense setting, families acknowledge that building a solid educational groundwork from the earliest stages will create a profound impact in a kid's upcoming accomplishments. The path to the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) commences much earlier than the final assessment year, as early habits and abilities in areas such as mathematics lay the groundwork for more complex studies and analytical skills. By starting readiness efforts in the early primary stages, pupils may prevent common pitfalls, develop self-assurance step by step, and cultivate a positive attitude towards difficult ideas which escalate later. math tuition centers in Singapore plays a pivotal role within this foundational approach, providing suitable for young ages, engaging sessions that present fundamental topics like basic numbers, forms, and easy designs in sync with the Singapore MOE program. Such programs employ fun, engaging methods to ignite curiosity and stop learning gaps from forming, ensuring a seamless advancement through subsequent grades. Finally, investing in this initial tutoring doesn't just reduces the stress from the PSLE while also prepares children with lifelong reasoning abilities, providing them a competitive edge in the merit-based Singapore framework.. It's crucial to comprehend this phenomenon to avoid it.

Random Sampling

Imagine you're baking a cake, and you want to ensure it's cooked evenly. You wouldn't just check one spot, right? As the city-state of Singapore's schooling structure puts a significant emphasis on maths proficiency right from the beginning, guardians are more and more favoring organized help to aid their children navigate the growing intricacy within the program in the early primary years. By Primary 2, pupils meet higher-level concepts including carrying in addition, simple fractions, and quantification, that develop from basic abilities and set the foundation for advanced analytical thinking required in upcoming tests. Recognizing the benefit of regular reinforcement to avoid beginning challenges and cultivate passion in the discipline, numerous turn to specialized programs that align with Singapore MOE directives. math tuition singapore delivers targeted , dynamic classes developed to render those topics approachable and enjoyable via interactive tasks, graphic supports, and personalized input from experienced tutors. Such a method not only aids young learners conquer immediate classroom challenges but also develops logical skills and perseverance. Eventually, this proactive support contributes to smoother academic progression, reducing anxiety while pupils near milestones such as PSLE and creating a favorable trajectory for lifelong learning.. Similarly, random sampling ensures every individual has an equal chance of being selected.

Stratified Sampling

Think of Singapore's diverse population. To represent everyone accurately, you'd divide the population into strata (like age, race, etc.) and sample from each. This is stratified sampling.

Systematic Sampling

Ever played a game where you pick every nth card? That's systematic sampling! It's a method where you choose every nth individual from an ordered list.

Snowball Sampling

Remember chain letters? Snowball sampling works similarly. You start with a few individuals (seeds) and ask them to refer others. It's useful for hard-to-reach populations, but beware of bias creeping in!

Minimizing Measurement Bias

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Data Detectives: Unbiasing Your Secondary 4 Math Syllabus Adventure!

** Alright, parents and students, imagine you're in a grand library, and the **secondary 4 math syllabus Singapore** is your treasure map. But wait, the map is biased, leading you to dead ends and wrong turns! Today, we're going to fix that, and turn you into data detectives, spotting and avoiding measurement bias like a pro. **

Fun Fact: The Birth of Biased Data

** Did you know, the first recorded bias in data collection was in 1790? American Census data was manipulated to favour slave-owning states. Yikes! Let's not repeat history. **

sectional 4 Math Syllabus Singapore: The Unbiased Path

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Sampling: Don't Play Favourites!

** - *Interesting Fact*: In 1936, a Gallup poll predicted a landslide victory for Alf Landon over Franklin D. Roosevelt. But Roosevelt won in a landslide! Why? Gallup's sample was biased towards Republicans. - *Tip*: Use **random sampling** for your math projects. No favourites, everyone gets a fair chance! 2. **

Measurement Scales: Level Playing Field

** - *History*: In the 1950s, IQ tests were biased against women and minorities. They used cultural references that favoured white males. - *Tip*: Use **objective scales** like multiple-choice questions. Everyone answers the same way, no biases creeping in! In the Republic of Singapore's rigorous educational framework, the Primary 3 level represents a key shift in which pupils explore further into subjects such as multiplication tables, fractions, and simple data analysis, expanding upon prior knowledge in preparation for sophisticated problem-solving. Many families realize the speed of in-class teaching on its own might not be enough for each student, motivating them to look for additional assistance to cultivate interest in math and avoid early misconceptions from taking root. During this stage, personalized academic help becomes invaluable in keeping educational drive and promoting a growth mindset. best maths tuition centre delivers focused, curriculum-aligned teaching using compact class groups or one-on-one mentoring, highlighting heuristic approaches and visual aids to clarify complex ideas. Tutors frequently integrate playful components and frequent tests to track progress and boost motivation. Finally, this early initiative also enhances immediate performance and additionally establishes a solid foundation for succeeding at advanced primary stages and the upcoming PSLE.. 3. **

Data Recording: No Tampering!

** - *Fun Fact*: In 2018, a German politician found a typo in the European Union's database that saved them €250 million. In Singaporean, the schooling system concludes primary schooling via a country-wide assessment designed to measure pupils' educational accomplishments and decides placement in secondary schools. The test gets conducted on a yearly basis among pupils in their final year of primary education, highlighting essential topics to gauge general competence. The Junior College math tuition functions as a standard for assignment to suitable high school streams according to results. It includes disciplines such as English, Math, Sciences, and Mother Tongue, featuring structures updated periodically to match academic guidelines. Grading relies on performance levels spanning 1 through 8, where the total PSLE Score is the sum of per-subject grades, affecting long-term educational prospects.. Yes, a tiny typo! - *Tip*: Double-check your data. No typos, no sneaky changes. Keep it honest! **

"What if...": The Bias Time Machine

** What if, in the 1960s, the **secondary 4 math syllabus Singapore** included a biased question like, "Is 1+1=2, assuming you're not a cat or a dog?" It would've been a disaster! So let's avoid such paws-ible mistakes. **

Future Detectives: Your Bias-Free Journey

** - Remember, data bias isn't a one-time fix. It's a constant battle, like a **cat chasing its tail** (or a laser pointer). Stay vigilant! - **Statistics and Probability** are like **superpowers**. Use them wisely to spot and avoid biases. - And finally, always ask, "Could this data be biased?" It's your **data detective shield**! Now, grab your **math syllabus Singapore** treasure map, and let's embark on an unbiased adventure!

" width="100%" height="480">Statistics mistakes: avoiding bias in data collection for Secondary 4

Case Study: Bias in Secondary 4 Math

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Bias in Action: A Tale of Two Schools

In Singaporean merit-driven education structure, year four in primary functions as a crucial milestone in which the program intensifies with topics for example decimals, symmetrical shapes, and basic algebra, testing students to apply logical thinking via systematic approaches. Numerous families understand that school lessons on their own could fail to adequately handle unique student rhythms, leading to the pursuit for supplementary tools to solidify ideas and spark ongoing enthusiasm with maths. While readiness toward the PSLE increases, regular drilling becomes key for conquering such foundational elements while avoiding overburdening developing brains. Singapore exams provides customized , engaging tutoring aligned with Ministry of Education guidelines, incorporating everyday scenarios, brain teasers, and digital tools to transform intangible notions concrete and fun. Qualified instructors emphasize spotting areas for improvement at an early stage and transforming them into assets through step-by-step guidance. Eventually, this dedication fosters tenacity, higher marks, and a smooth transition to advanced primary levels, setting students for a journey to academic excellence..

Imagine two secondary 4 math classes in Singapore, side by side in the same level but light-years apart in their data collection methods. Let's dive into their stories to witness bias in action.

School A: The Biased Selection

At School A, the math teacher, Mr. Tan, wanted to assess his students' understanding of quadratic equations. He decided to pick 10 students at random from his 40-student class to participate in a trial exam. Sounds fair, right? Not quite.

Bias alert! Mr. Tan picked students who had been raising their hands frequently in class, assuming they were more likely to know the answers. But what about shy students or those who preferred to absorb information quietly? They were overlooked, leading to a biased sample that didn't represent the entire class.

School B: The Balanced Approach

Meanwhile, at School B, Ms. Lim took a different approach. She used a stratified random sampling method, ensuring every student had an equal chance of being selected. She divided her class into four groups based on their mid-year exam scores and picked two students from each group.

Fun fact: Stratified random sampling is like making sure every slice of your birthday cake has an equal chance of being the first piece served, not just the most decorative ones!

Now, the Twist

Guess who scored higher on their trial exam? The balanced approach of School B, of course! The biased selection at School A led to an inaccurate assessment of their students' abilities. This is a real-world example of how bias in data collection can skew results and misrepresent the truth.

Interesting fact: This phenomenon isn't limited to math classes. Biased data collection has led to misinformed decisions in politics, business, and even medicine. Remember the 1936 U.S. presidential election where the Literary Digest magazine predicted Alf Landon would win, but Franklin D. Roosevelt actually won? Their biased poll sample, favoring wealthier Republicans, was to blame!

So, parents and students, let's learn from these examples and strive for balance and fairness in our data collection methods. After all, as Singaporeans, we value meritocracy, and that starts with accurate, unbiased data!

Practical Exercises

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Unmasking Biases: Hands-On Data Collection Adventures for Sec 4 Students

** As Primary 5 ushers in a increased level of complexity throughout the Singapore maths syllabus, featuring ideas for instance proportions, percent computations, angles, and complex verbal questions demanding keener analytical skills, guardians commonly look for approaches to make sure their children keep leading minus succumbing to typical pitfalls of misunderstanding. This stage is vital as it directly bridges to PSLE preparation, where built-up expertise undergoes strict evaluation, rendering prompt support crucial to develop stamina when handling layered problems. While tension building, expert help assists in converting potential frustrations to avenues for advancement and expertise. h2 math tuition arms pupils using effective instruments and individualized coaching matching Ministry of Education standards, utilizing methods including model drawing, graphical bars, and timed exercises to illuminate complicated concepts. Dedicated instructors emphasize clear comprehension beyond mere repetition, fostering engaging conversations and mistake review to impart assurance. At year's close, participants usually show notable enhancement in test preparation, facilitating the route for a stress-free transition to Primary 6 and beyond amid Singapore's rigorous schooling environment.. **

🎯 The Singapore Math Mission

** Imagine you're a secret agent, equipped with the Singapore Math skills you've honed since Primary 1. Your mission? To navigate the data jungle and unmask biases before they skew your findings. After all, the MOE's Sec 4 Math syllabus has primed you for this, with its emphasis on Statistics and Probability. So, let's dive in! **

🔍 The Bias Spectrum: A Data Detective's Guide

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Fun Fact: Did you know that biases in data collection can lead to findings as unreliable as a leaky umbrella in a Singapore downpour?

- **🌟 Sampling Bias**: This is like inviting only your math whizzes friends to a study group. Your findings won't represent the whole class, right? *Solution*: Use random sampling or stratified sampling to ensure everyone's got a fair chance to be included. - **🗣️ Leading Questions**: These are like trick questions in a quiz. They guide respondents towards a particular answer. *Solution*: Craft neutral questions that allow respondents to express their genuine views. - **👓 Observer Bias**: This is when your expectations influence your observations. It's like expecting your favourite hawker centre to serve the best laksa, and only noticing the good bits. *Solution*: Use objective measures and have multiple observers to reduce subjectivity. **

🧪 Real-World Bias Busters: Sec 4 Math in Action

** Remember, Singapore's Sec 4 Math syllabus isn't just about crunching numbers; it's about understanding the world around you. Let's put those skills to the test! 1. **📈 The School Canteen Challenge**: Collect data on the popularity of different food stalls. Which stall is the crowd favourite? Remember to avoid sampling bias by ensuring all stalls have an equal chance of being 'sampled' (i.e., having their sales recorded). 2. **🗳️ The Class Election**: Conduct a survey to find the most popular class representative. Ensure your questions are neutral and avoid leading respondents towards a particular candidate. 3. **🏠 The Neighbourhood Survey**: Investigate the favourite pastimes of residents in your estate. Be mindful of observer bias and ensure your findings are objective and unbiased. **

🤔 What if... We Let Biases Run Wild?

** History tells us that unchecked biases can lead to poor decisions, from misguided policies to failed experiments. Imagine if Singapore's founding fathers had let biases skew their planning - we might not have the efficient, clean, and green city we know and love today! **

💡 Calling All Data Detectives!

** So, Sec 4 students and parents, are you ready to embrace your inner data detective? With the Singapore Math skills you've honed, you're equipped to navigate the data jungle and unmask biases. Let's make data collection an adventure, not a chore! *Remember, every data point tells a story. Make sure it's the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.*

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Frequently Asked Questions

Use random sampling techniques to ensure every individual in your population has an equal chance of being selected.
Bias is the error introduced by consistently estimating the wrong value, while variance is the error introduced by estimating different values each time.
Use clear, unbiased questions and consider using random assignment of participants to different question versions to reduce order bias.
Outliers can skew your results and lead to incorrect conclusions, so its crucial to identify and handle them appropriately.
Consider all relevant data, not just the successful or surviving cases, to get a complete picture.
Hypothesis testing helps you make informed decisions about your data and reduces the risk of Type I and Type II errors.
Use multiple methods of analysis, replicate your findings if possible, and consider the context and assumptions of your study.